如何搭建私有镜像仓库

最近更新时间: 2024-10-17 17:10:00

本文档介绍如何通过 Docker Compose 搭建一个简单的 registry 环境。使用 DockerHub 官方镜像,registry 镜像版本 为registry:2.5.0, Nginx 镜像版本为 nginx:1.11.5。这里主要介绍 registry 环境的搭建及使用,更详细的企业级 registry 服务器的搭建可参阅开源的 Harbor

registry 概述

registry 是 Docker 的镜像存储服务,DockerHub 上的 registry 镜像见 Registry 官方镜像,更多详细信息请转至 GitHub 查看最新源码 。

搭建 registry

  1. 在服务器上执行如下命令安装 Docker,这里选择腾讯云金融专区(Ubuntu Server 14.04.1 LTS 64位)镜像来创建服务器。

    curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh
  2. 安装 Docker Compose。

    Docker Compose 是一个定义及运行多个 Docker 容器的工具。

    使用 Docker Compose 只需要在一个配置文件中定义多个 Docker 容器,再使用一条命令将多个容器启动,Docker Compose 会通过解析容器间的依赖关系,按先后顺序启动所定义的容器。有关 Docker Compose 详情请转至 GitHub 了解。

    curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.8.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
    chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
  3. 启动 registry 服务,此例中包含 Nginx 和 registry 两个容器,涉及的配置文件请参见附录。

    docker-compose up -d
    • 停止服务。
    docker-compose stop
    • 重启服务。
    docker-compose restart
    • 下线服务。
    docker-compose down

镜像基本操作

上传镜像

  1. 因为搭建的 registry 服务使用 HTTP 协议,所以 Docker 启动参数需要配置--insecure-registry localhost选项,修改/etc/default/docker文件如下:

    DOCKER_OPTS="--insecure-registry localhost"
  2. 重启 Docker。

    service docker restart
  3. 拉取上传镜像 docker pull;docker tag;docker push ( tag 默认为 latest )。

    docker pull hello-world
    docker tag hello-world localhost/library/hello-world
    docker push localhost/library/hello-world

下载镜像

docker pull localhost/library/hello-world

删除镜像

docker rmi localhost/library/hello-world

获取镜像

获取镜像仓库列表

# curl http://localhost/v2/_catalog
{"repositories":["library/hello-world"]}

未上传镜像前的输出如下:

# curl http://localhost/v2/_catalog
{"repositories":[]}

获取镜像 tag 列表

# curl -X GET http://localhost/v2/library/hello-world/tags/list
{"name":"library/hello-world","tags":["latest"]}

获取镜像 manifests 信息

    # curl -H "Accept: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json"  -X GET http://localhost/v2/library/hello-world/manifests/latest
    {
       "schemaVersion": 2,
       "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
       "config": {
          "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json",
          "size": 1473,
          "digest": "sha256:c54a2cc56cbb2f04003c1cd4507e118af7c0d340fe7e2720f70976c4b75237dc"
       },
       "layers": [
          {
             "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
             "size": 974,
             "digest": "sha256:c04b14da8d1441880ed3fe6106fb2cc6fa1c9661846ac0266b8a5ec8edf37b7c"
          }
       ]
    }

其中 c54a2cc56cbb2f04003c1cd4507e118af7c0d340fe7e2720f70976c4b75237dc 即为执行 docker images 时显示的 IMAGE ID。 layers 表示了镜像的层次关系,可以通过 layers 中的 digest 来拉取 blob,详情见下面获取镜像 blob。

获取镜像 blob

在上面获取 hello-world:latest 镜像的 manifests 信息中只有一个 layer,以此为例来说明如何获取镜像 blob。拉取的结果显示获取的 blob 与文件 sha256 是一致的。执行 docker pull 实际上就是先获取到镜像的 manifests 信息,再拉取 blob

    # curl -s -X GET http://localhost/v2/library/hello-world/blobs/sha256:c04b14da8d1441880ed3fe6106fb2cc6fa1c9661846ac0266b8a5ec8edf37b7c -o hello-world.blob
    # ls -l hello-world.blob 
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 974 Nov 23 09:56 hello-world.blob
    # sha256sum hello-world.blob 
    c04b14da8d1441880ed3fe6106fb2cc6fa1c9661846ac0266b8a5ec8edf37b7c  hello-world.blob  

删除镜像

删除镜像( soft delete )

首先通过 curl -i 参数获取到镜像的 Docker-Content-Digest,registry 2.3 版本及以后的版本必须在 header 中指定 Accept: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json,否则默认返回的是 schema1 的 digest,与 schema2 的 digest 不同,使用不指定上述头信息返回的 digest 删除时会返回 404。

    # curl -i -H "Accept: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json"  -X GET http://localhost/v2/library/hello-world/manifests/latest

    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    Server: nginx/1.11.5
    Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2016 02:17:51 GMT
    Content-Type: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json
    Content-Length: 524
    Connection: keep-alive
    Docker-Content-Digest: sha256:a18ed77532f6d6781500db650194e0f9396ba5f05f8b50d4046b294ae5f83aa4
    Docker-Distribution-Api-Version: registry/2.0
    Etag: "sha256:a18ed77532f6d6781500db650194e0f9396ba5f05f8b50d4046b294ae5f83aa4"

    {
       "schemaVersion": 2,
       "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
       "config": {
          "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json",
          "size": 1473,
          "digest": "sha256:c54a2cc56cbb2f04003c1cd4507e118af7c0d340fe7e2720f70976c4b75237dc"
       },
       "layers": [
          {
             "mediaType": "application/vnd.docker.image.rootfs.diff.tar.gzip",
             "size": 974,
             "digest": "sha256:c04b14da8d1441880ed3fe6106fb2cc6fa1c9661846ac0266b8a5ec8edf37b7c"
          }
       ]
    }

根据上一步返回的 Docker-Content-Digest 删除,返回 202 表示删除成功。

    # curl -k -v -s -X DELETE http://localhost/v2/library/hello-world/manifests/sha256:a18ed77532f6d6781500db650194e0f9396ba5f05f8b50d4046b294ae5f83aa4

    * Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache
    *   Trying 127.0.0.1...
    * Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 80 (#0)
    > DELETE /v2/library/hello-world/manifests/sha256:a18ed77532f6d6781500db650194e0f9396ba5f05f8b50d4046b294ae5f83aa4 HTTP/1.1
    > User-Agent: curl/7.35.0
    > Host: localhost
    > Accept: */*
    > 
    < **HTTP/1.1 202 Accepted**
    * Server nginx/1.11.5 is not blacklisted
    < Server: nginx/1.11.5
    < Date: Wed, 23 Nov 2016 02:29:59 GMT
    < Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
    < Content-Length: 0
    < Connection: keep-alive
    < Docker-Distribution-Api-Version: registry/2.0
    < 
    * Connection #0 to host localhost left intact

确认结果:

    # curl -X GET http://localhost/v2/library/hello-world/tags/list
    {"name":"library/hello-world","tags":null}

删除镜像( hard delete )

在上一步中,只是删除了镜像的 manifests 信息,引用的 blob 还在占用磁盘空间,执行如下命令可以查看可以删除的 blob。

  docker exec -it myregistry_registry_1 /bin/registry garbage-collect --dry-run /etc/registry/config.yml

要删除 blob,释放磁盘空间,需要执行下面的命令。

注意: 在执行下面的命令时 registry 必须是只读模式(只读模式可在 registry 配置文件中设置),否则可能会导致数据不一致。

  docker exec -it myregistry_registry_1 /bin/registry garbage-collect /etc/registry/config.yml

附录

目录结构

.
|-- config
|   |-- nginx
|   |   `-- nginx.conf
|   `-- registry
|       `-- config.yml
`-- docker-compose.yml

nginx.conf

worker_processes auto;

events {
  worker_connections 1024;
  use epoll;
  multi_accept on;
}

http {
  tcp_nodelay on;

  # this is necessary for us to be able to disable request buffering in all cases
  proxy_http_version 1.1;


  upstream registry {
    server registry:5000;
  }


  server {
    listen 80;

    # disable any limits to avoid HTTP 413 for large image uploads
    client_max_body_size 0;

    location /v1/ {
      return 404;
    }

    location /v2/ {
      proxy_pass http://registry/v2/;
      proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
      proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

      # When setting up Harbor behind other proxy, such as an Nginx instance, remove the below line if the proxy already has similar settings.
      proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

      proxy_buffering off;
      proxy_request_buffering off;

    }
  }
}

config.yml

version: 0.1
log:
  level: debug
  fields:
    service: registry
storage:
    cache:
        layerinfo: inmemory
    filesystem:
        rootdirectory: /var/lib/registry
    maintenance:
        uploadpurging:
            enabled: false
        readonly:
            enabled: false
    delete:
        enabled: true
http:
    addr: :5000
    secret: yoursecret

docker-comose.yaml

version: '2'
services:
  registry:
    image: library/registry:2.5.0
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - /data/registry:/var/lib/registry
      - ./config/registry/:/etc/registry/
    environment:
      - GODEBUG=netdns=cgo
    command:
      ["serve", "/etc/registry/config.yml"]
  proxy:
    image: library/nginx:1.11.5
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - ./config/nginx:/etc/nginx
    ports:
      - 80:80
      - 443:443
    depends_on:
      - registry